• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    HYBRID SLOT DRILLING DRILL AND OTHER CUTTING TOOLS. A drill bit for drilling a well hole in land formations can include a drill body having a drill shaft and a drill face; a plurality of blades extending radially along the face of the drill; and a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least one cutter comprising a substrate and a diamond table having a substantially planar cutting face; and at least two tapered cutting elements comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge, wherein in a round view of the plurality of cutting elements in a single plane, the at least one cutter is located in one position radial axis of the drill bit that is intermediate between the radial positions of the skin minus two conical cutting elements.
    公开号:BR112013020374B1
    申请号:R112013020374-9
    申请日:2012-02-10
    公开日:2020-08-25
    发明作者:Michael G. Azar；Bala Durairajan；Madapusi K. Keshavan
    申请人:Smith International, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] This application claims the priority of US application No. 61 / 441,319, filed on February 10, 2011, and US Patent Application No. 61 / 499,851, filed on June 22, 2011, both of which are incorporated herein by reference into its entirety. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
    [0002] The embodiments disclosed herein generally refer to fixed cutter cutting tools containing hybrid cutting structures containing two or more types of cutting elements, each type having a different mode of cutting action against a formation. Other modalities described here refer to fixed cutter cutting tools, containing tapered cutting elements, including the arrangement of such cutting elements on a drill and variations on the cutting elements that can be used to optimize drilling. Foundations
    [0003] When drilling an onshore well hole, such as for oil recovery or for other applications, it is conventional practice to connect a drill bit to the bottom end of a set of drill pipe sections, which are connected from one end to the other , in order to form a "drilling column". The drill is rotated by rotating the drilling column on the surface or by driving the downhole motors or turbines, or by both methods. With the weight applied to the drill string, the rotary drill involves the formation of earth by inducing the drill to cut through the forming material, or by abrasion, fracturing, or shearing, or through a combination of all cutting methods , thus, forming a well hole along a predetermined path towards a target zone.
    [0004] Many different types of drill bits have been developed and have found use in drilling such well holes. Two predominant types of drill bits are tapered roller bits and fixed cutter (or rotary drag) bits. Most fixed cutter drill designs include a plurality of blades angled spaced over the face of the drill. The blades project radially outwardly from the drill body and form flow channels between them. In addition, the cutting elements are usually grouped and mounted on several blades in rows extending radially. The configuration or arrangement of the cutting elements on the blades can vary widely, depending on a number of factors, such as the formation to be drilled.
    [0005] The cutting elements arranged on the blades of a fixed cutter bit are typically formed from extremely hard materials. In a typical fixed cutter bit, each cutting element comprises an elongated element and, generally, cylindrical tungsten carbide substrate that is received and fixed in a cavity formed on the surface of one of the blades. The cutting elements typically include a hard cut layer of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) or other superabrasive materials, such as thermally stable diamond or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride. For convenience, as used herein, the reference to "PDC bit", "PDC cutters" refers to a fixed cutter bit or a cutting element employing a hard cut layer of polycrystalline diamond or other superabrasive materials.
    [0006] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a conventional fixed cutter or drill bit 10 adapted for drilling through rock formations to form a well hole is shown. Drill 1 generally includes a drill body 12, a shank 13; and a screw or pin connection 14 for connecting the drill bit 10 to a drill string (not shown) which is used to rotate the drill bit to drill the well hole. The face of the drill 20 supports a cutting structure 15 and is formed at the end of the drill 10 which is opposite the end of the pin 16. The drill 10 further includes a central axis 11, on; which drill 10 rotates in the cutting direction represented by arrow 18.
    [0007] Cutting structure 15 is provided on drill face 20. Cutting structure 15 includes a plurality of separately separated primary blades 31, 32, 33, and secondary blades 34, 35, 36, each of which extends to from face 20. Primary blades 31, 32, 33 and secondary blades 34, 35, 36 generally extend radially along the face of the drill 20 and then axially along a portion of the periphery of the drill 10 However, the secondary blades 34, 35, 36 extend radially along the face of the drill 20 from a position that is the distal axis of the drill 11 towards the periphery of the drill 10. Thus, as used here, " secondary blade "can be used to refer to a blade that starts at a certain distance from the axis; of the drill and generally extends radially along the face of the drill to the periphery of the drill. Primary blades 31, 32, 33 and secondary blades 34, 35, 36 are separated by drilling fluid flow courses 19.
    [0008] Referring further to Figures 1 and 2, each primary blade 31, 32, 33 includes upper blade parts 42 for mounting a plurality of cutting elements, and each secondary blade 34, 35, 36 includes upper blade parts 52 for mounting a plurality of cutting elements. In particular, the cutting elements 40, each having a cutting face 44, are mounted in cavities formed in the upper parts 42, 52 of the blade of each primary blade 31, 32, 33 and each secondary blade 34, 35, 36, respectively. The cutting elements 40 are arranged adjacent to each other in a row extending radially close to the leading edge of each primary blade 31, 32, 33 and each secondary blade 34, 35, 36. Each cutting face 44 has a cutting tip in the end 44a furthest from the upper parts 42, 52 of the blade, by which the cutting element 40 is mounted.
    [0009] Referring now to Figure 3, a profile of drill 10 is shown as it would look with all blades (for example, primary blades 31, 32, 33 and secondary blades 34, 35, 36) and cutting faces 44 of all; the cutting elements 40 rotated in a single rotated profile. In the rotated profile view, the upper parts 42,: 52 of the blade of all blades 31-36 of the drill 10 form and define a profile of the composite or combined blade 39, which extends radially from the axis of the drill 11 to the external radius 23 of the drill 10. Thus, as used here, the term "composite blade profile" refers to the profile, extending from the axis of the drill to the external radius of the drill, formed by the upper parts of the all the blades of a drill bit rotated in a single rotated profile (ie, in view of rotated profile).
    [0010] The conventional composite blade profile 39 (more clearly shown on the right half of drill 10 in Figure 3) can generally be divided into three regions, conventionally, labeled as cone region 24, boss region 25 and caliber 26 region The Cone 24 region comprises the radially innermost region of the drill 10 and the composite blade profile 39 extending, generally, from the axis of the drill 11 to the shoulder region 25. As shown in Figure 3, in most drills conventional fixed cutter, the cone region 24 is generally concave. The adjacent cone region 24 is the shoulder region 25 (or the upward curve). In most conventional fixed cutter drills, the shoulder region 25 is generally convex. Moving radially outward adjacent the shoulder region 25 is the caliber 26 region, which extends parallel to the axis of the drill 11 on the outer radial periphery of the composite blade profile 39. Thus, the composite blade profile 39 of the drill Conventional 10 includes a concave region - cone region 24, and a convex region - shoulder region 25.
    [0011] The axially lowest point of the convex shoulder region 25 and composite blade profile 39 defines a nozzle of the blade profile 27. At the tip of the blade profile 27, the slope of a tangent line 27a for the convex shoulder region 25 and profile of the composite blade 39 is zero. Thus, as used here, the term "blade profile nozzle" refers to the point along a convex region of a blade profile composed of a drill in the rotated profile view, where the inclination of a tangent to the profile of the composite blade is zero. For most conventional fixed cutter drills (for example, drill 10), the composite blade profile includes a single convex boss region (for example, the convex boss region 25), and only a blade profile nozzle ( for example, nozzle 27). As shown in Figures 1-3, the cutting elements 40 are arranged in rows along the blades 31-36 and are positioned along the face of the drill 20 in the regions previously described as cone region 24, shoulder region 25 and region gauge 26 of the profile of the composite blade 39. In particular, the cutting elements 40 are mounted on blades 31-36 in predetermined positions radially spaced in relation to the central axis 11 of the drill 10.
    [0012] Regardless of the type of drill, the cost of drilling a well is proportional to the period of time required to drill the well hole to the desired depth and location. The drilling time, in turn, is greatly affected by the number of times the drill bit has to be changed in order to reach the target formation. This is the case, because each time the drill is changed, the entire drill string, which can be miles long, has to be recovered from section by section to the well hole. Once the drill string has been recovered and the new drill bit installed, the drill bit must be lowered to the bottom of the well hole in the drill string, which again must be built section by section. This process, known as a drill column "trip", requires considerable time, effort and expense. Therefore, it is always desirable to use drill bits that will drill faster and more deeply and are usable in a wide range of different forming hardnesses.
    [0013] The length of time that a drill bit can be employed before being changed depends on its penetration rate ("ROP"), as well as its durability or the ability to maintain a high or acceptable ROP. Additionally, a desirable characteristic of the drill is that it is vibration resistant and "stable", the most serious type or mode of which is "whirlwind", which is a term used to describe the phenomenon, in which a drill rotates at the bottom of the hole of the well on a rotation axis that is balanced from the geometric center of the drill bit. Such swirling subjects the cutting elements in the drill to increase the load, which causes premature wear or premature destruction of the cutting elements and a loss of penetration rate. Thus, preventing drill vibration and maintaining the stability of PDC drills has been a desirable goal, but one that has not always been achieved. Drill vibration can normally occur in any type of formation, but it is most damaging in the toughest formations.
    [0014] In recent years, the PDC drill has become an industry standard for medium and soft hardening cut formations. However, as PDC drills are being developed for use in tougher formations, drill stability is becoming an increasing challenge. As previously described, excessive bit vibration during drilling tends to clog the bit and / or may damage the bit in such a way that premature travel of the drill string is necessary.
    [0015] There have been a number of alternative designs proposed for PDC cutting structures that have been created to provide a PDC drill capable of drilling through a variety of hard ROP forming hardnesses and with acceptable drill life or durability. Unfortunately, the desired drill designs in minimizing vibration may require drilling to be conducted with an increase in the weight of the drill (WOB), compared to drills from previous designs. For example, some drills have been designed with cutters mounted at less aggressive delay angles, such as requiring a larger WOB, in order to penetrate the forming material to the desired extent. Drilling with an enlarged or heavy WOB has serious consequences and is generally avoided, if possible. Increasing the WOB is accomplished by adding additional heavy drill necks to the drill string. This additional weight increases the tension and stress on all components of the drill string, causes greater wear of the stabilizers and less efficient work of the stabilizers and increases the hydraulic drop in the drill string, requiring the use of pumps with a higher capacity ( and typically higher costs) to circulate the drilling fluid. To further aggravate the problem, ο WOB increase causes the drill to wear out and become clogged much more quickly than it would otherwise. In order to postpone the travel of the drill string, it is common practice to add more WOB and continue drilling with the partly worn and clogged drill. The relationship between drill wear and WOB is not linear, but it is exponential, such that when exceeding a particular WOB for a supplied drill, a very small increase in WOB will cause a tremendous increase in drill wear. Thus, adding more WOB in order to drill with a partially worn drill further increases the wear of the drill and other components of the drill string.
    [0016] Consequently, there remains an ongoing need for fixed cutter drill bits capable of drilling ROPs efficiently and economically and, ideally, drilling in formations having a higher hardness than conventional PDC drills that can be employed. More specifically, there is an ongoing need for a PDC drill that can drill in soft, medium, medium to hard formations, and even some hard formations, while maintaining an aggressive cutting element profile to maintain acceptable ROPs for periods of time thus reducing the drilling costs currently experienced in the industry. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0017] In one aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein refer to a drill bit for drilling a well hole in terrestrial formations that includes a drill body having a drill shaft and a drill face; a plurality of blades extending radially along the face of the drill; and a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least one cutter comprising a substrate and a diamond table having a substantially planar cutting face; and at least two tapered cutting elements comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge, wherein in a round view of the plurality of cutting elements in a single plane, at least one cutter is located in a radial position of the drill axis that is in between the radial positions of the at least two tapered cutting elements.
    [0018] In another aspect, the modalities described herein refer to a downhole cutting tool that includes a tool body; a plurality of blades extending azimuthally from the tool body; a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least one tapered cutting element comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting end wherein at least one tapered cutting element tapered cut comprises a tapered cutting end axis that is not coaxial with a substrate axis.
    [0019] In yet another aspect, the modalities described herein refer to a downhole cutting tool that includes a tool body; a plurality of blades extending azimuthally from the tool body; a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least one tapered cutting element comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge, wherein at least one element tapered cut comprises a beveled surface adjacent to the apex of the tapered cut end.
    [0020] In yet another aspect, the modalities described herein refer to a downhole cutting tool, which includes a tool body; a plurality of blades extending azimuthally from the tool body; a plurality of cutting elements arranged on the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least one tapered cutting element comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge, wherein at least one tapered cutting element comprises an asymmetric diamond layer.
    [0021] In yet another aspect, modalities described herein refer to a downhole cutting tool, which includes a tool body; a plurality of blades extending azimuthally from the tool body; a plurality of cutting elements arranged on the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least one tapered cutting element comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge and at least one impregnated diamond inserted into a hole in at least one blade.
    [0022] In yet another aspect, a cutting tool in the pit includes a tool body; a plurality of blades extending azimuthally from the tool body; and a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least two cutters comprising a substrate and a diamond table having a substantially planar cutting face; and at least one tapered cutting element comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge, wherein in a round view of the plurality of cutting elements in a single plane, the at least one tapered cutting element is located in a radial position of the drill shaft that is intermediate the radial positions of the at least two cutters.
    [0023] In yet another aspect, a cutting tool in the pit includes a tool body; a plurality of blades extending azimuthally from the tool body; and a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: at least two cutters comprising a substrate and a diamond table having a substantially planar cutting face; and at least one tapered cutting element comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge, in which on a single blade, a tapered cutting element is arranged in a radial intermediate position between two cutters, in which the element conical cutter drags the two cutters. Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be evident from the description that follows and the attached claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0024] Figure 1 shows a state of the art drill bit. Figure 2 shows a top view of a prior art drill. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a state of the art drill bit. Figure 4 shows the cutting elements according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 shows the cutting elements according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 shows the cutting elements according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 shows the cutting elements according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 shows the rotation of the cutting elements according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 9 shows an arrangement of the cutting element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 9A shows a close view of the arrangement of the cutting element of Figure 9. Figure 10 shows the distribution plane of the cutting element according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11A shows an arrangement of the cutting element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11B shows a top view of a drill bit having the arrangement | of the cutting element of Figure 11 A. Figure 11C shows a top view of a drill bit having the cutting element arrangement of Figure 11 A. Figure 12 shows delay angles for conventional cutting elements. Figure 13 shows the delay angles for tapered cutting elements according to the present disclosure. Figure 14 shows the discharge angles for tapered cutting elements of the present disclosure. Figures 15A-C show the various tapered cutting elements in accordance with the present disclosure. Figures 16A-C show the various tapered cutting elements in accordance with the present disclosure. Figure 17 shows a modality of a tapered cutting element according to the present disclosure. Figure 18 shows an embodiment of a tapered cutting element according to the present disclosure. Figure 19 shows an embodiment of a tapered cutting element according to the present disclosure. Figure 20 shows a cutting element arrangement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 21 shows a drill bit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 22 shows a section profile according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 23 shows a section profile according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 24 shows a section profile according to a modality of the present disclosure. Figure 25 shows a tool that can use the cutting elements of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0025] In one aspect, the modalities disclosed herein refer to drill bits for fixed cutter containing hybrid cutting structures. In particular, the modalities described herein refer to drill bits containing two or more types of cutting elements, each type having a different mode of cutting action against a formation. Other embodiments described here refer to fixed cutter drills containing tapered cutting elements, including the arrangement of such cutting elements in a drill and variations in cutting elements that can be used to optimize drilling.
    [0026] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, representative blades having cutting elements therein for a drill bit (or spacer), formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure are shown. As shown in Figure 4, blade 140 includes a plurality of cutters 142 conventionally referred to as PDC cutters or cutters, as well as a plurality of tapered cutting elements 144. As used herein, the term "tapered cutting elements" refers to to the cutting elements having a cutting edge, generally conical (including either straight cones or oblique cones), which end at a rounded apex. Unlike the geometric cones that end at a sharp point apex, the tapered cutting elements of the present disclosure have a vertex having curvature between the lateral surfaces and the apex. The conical cutting elements 144 are supported in contrast to the cutters 142 having a planar cutting face. For ease of distinction between the two types of cutting elements, the term "cutting elements" will refer, generically, to any type of cutting element, while "cutter" will refer to those cutting elements with one face. planar cutting, as described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2, and "tapered cutting element" will refer to those cutting elements having a generally tapered cutting edge.
    [0027] Referring to Figures 6-8, the present inventors have found that the use of conventional planar cutters 142 in combination with the tapered cutting elements 144 allows a single drill to have two types of cutting action (represented by dashed lines): cutting by compression fracture or notch of the formation by conical cutting elements 142 in addition to the shear cut of the formation by cutters 142, as shown in the diagrams of Figures 8 and 9. As the drill rotates, cutter 142 passes through the formation pre-fractured by conical cutting element 144 to rough out the notch created by conical cutting elements 144. Specifically, as detailed in Figure 8, a first 144.1 conical cutting element in a radial position R1 from the center line of the drill is the first cutting element to rotate through the reference to the P plane, as the drill rotates. The tapered cutting element 144.3 in a radial position R3 from the center line of the drill is the second cutting element to rotate through the reference to the P plane. The cutting element 142.2 in the radial position R2 from the center line of the drill is the third cutting element to rotate through the reference to the P plane, where R2 is an intermediary of the radial distance, the radial distances R1 and R3, from the center line of the drill.
    [0028] The embodiment shown in Figure 4 includes cutters 142 and the tapered cutting elements 144 on a single blade, while the modality shown in Figure 5 includes cutters on one blade, and tapered cutting elements 144 on a second blade. Specifically, cutters 142 are located on a blade 141 that drags the blade, on which the tapered cutting elements 144 are located.
    [0029] Referring to Figures 9 and 9A, an arrangement of the cutting structure for a particular embodiment of the drill bit is shown. The layout of the detailed cutting structure 140 in Figure 8 shows cutters 142 and the tapered cutting elements 144 as they would be placed on the blades, without showing the blades and other elements of the drill body for simplicity. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate from the arrangement shown in Figure 9, that the drill, on which cutters 142 and tapered cutting elements 144 are arranged, includes seven blades. Specifically, cutters 142 and tapered cutting elements 144 are arranged in rows 146 along seven blades, three main rows 146al, 146a2, and 146a3 (in primary blades) and four secondary rows 146bl, 146b2, 146b3 and 146b4 (in secondary blades), in which these terms are used in Figures 1 and 2. In the embodiment shown in Figure 9, each primary row 146al, 146a2, 146a3 and each secondary row 146bl, 146b2, 146b3, 146b4 includes at least one cutter 142 and at least one tapered cutting element 144. However, the present invention is not so limited. Instead, depending on the desired cutting profile, they can be used; different arrangements of cutters 142 and tapered cutting elements 144.
    [0030] Two conventional installations or cutting distribution patterns with respect to PDC cutters are: "single installation" method; and the "plural installation" method. In the "single installation" method, each of the PDC cutters that is positioned transverse to the face of the bit, a unique radial position measured from the center axis of the bit to the outside of the bit in the direction of the gauge is provided. With respect to a plural installation pattern (also known as a "redundant cutter" or "tracking cutter" pattern), PDC cutters as implemented in facilities containing two or more cutters each, where the cutters in an installation provided are; positioned at the same radial distance from the drill axis.
    [0031] Referring to Figure 10, a cutter distribution plan is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, showing all the cutting elements in a drill rotated in a single plane. As shown in Figure 10, the cutting elements include both conventional cutters 142 having a planar cutting face, as well as the elements; tapered cutter 144. Cutters 142 and tapered cutter elements 144 shown in Figure 10 are also identified by their radial position from the drill axis in the form of the numeral following the label "142" or "144". According to some embodiments of the present description, a cutter 142 can cut between two radially adjacent tapered cutting elements 144. Specifically, as shown in Figure 10, cutter 142.8 is located in a radially intermediate position between the tapered cutting elements 144.7 and 144.9. Likewise, cutter 142.12 is located in a radially intermediate position between tapered cutting elements 144.11 and 144.13. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to drills, in which this alternating pattern exists between each of the cutting elements.
    [0032] In Figure 10, it is evident that not all cutters have a radially tapered cutting element in adjacent positions. Instead, as shown in Figure 10, the tapered cutting elements are arranged in the nozzle 153, shoulder 155, gauge 157 regions of the cutting profile. However, in other embodiments, the tapered cutting elements 144 may also be located in the region of cone 151 and / or may be excluded from the region of caliber 57. Furthermore, it is also within the scope of the present description, that the different regions of the cutting profile may have conical cutting elements 144 having different exposure heights (in comparison with the cutters 142) between the different regions. This difference can be a gradual transition or in stages.
    [0033] Returning to Figures 9 and 9A, the elements 144.7, 142.8, 144.9 radially adjacent (when seen in a rotated plane) are located on several blades. Specifically, the conical cutting elements 144.7 and
    [0034] 144.9 create notches in the formation, which is followed by the 142.8 cutter. Thus, cutter 142.8 is on a tracking blade 146a2 when compared to each of the conical cutting elements 144.7 and 144.9. A tracking blade is a blade that, when rotated around an axis, rotates along a reference plane subsequent to the main blade. In the mode shown in Figures 9 and 9 A, the tapered cutting elements 144.7 and 144.9 are on two separate blades (that is, blades 146al and 146bl); however, in other embodiments, the two tapered cutting elements 144 residing in positions radially adjacent to the cutter 142 may be on the same blade.
    [0035] Referring to Figures llA-C, an arrangement of the cutting structure for a particular drill bit embodiment (shown in Figures 11B-C) is shown in Figure 11 A. For example, as shown in Figures 11A-C, the radial positions of the cutting elements are such that two blades 146 of the cutting elements consist entirely of tapered cutting elements 144, four rows 146 entirely consist of cutters 142, and two rows 146 include a mixture of cutters 142 and the tapered cutting elements 144. Unlike the embodiment shown in Figure 9, the embodiment in Figures 11A-C includes an alternation between tapered cutting elements 144 and cutters 142 for each position. Thus, in such a case, the tapered cutting elements 144 would be located in each and; any extraordinarily numbered radial position, and cutters 142 would be located in each and any equally numbered radial position. In addition, depending on the particular radial positions of the cutting elements, a pair of tapered cutting elements, 142 leaving a groove through which a cutter 142 passes, may already be on the same blade or may be on different blades.
    [0036] Generally, when placing cutting elements (specifically cutters) on a drill blade or reamer, cutters can be inserted into cutter cavities (or holes in the case of tapered cutting elements) to change the angle, at which cutter reaches formation. Specifically, the delay (i.e., a vertical orientation) and the lateral tilt (i.e., a lateral orientation) of a cutter can be adjusted. Generally, delay is defined as the angle α formed between the cut face of cutter 142 and by a line that is normal for the forming material being cut. As shown in Figure 12, with a conventional cutter 142 having zero delay, the cutting face 44 is substantially perpendicular or normal to the forming material. A cutter 142 having a negative delay angle α has a cutting face 44j that wraps the forming material at an angle that is less than 90 ° when measured from the forming material. Likewise, a cutter 142 having a positive delay angle α has a cutting face 44 that wraps the forming material at an angle that is greater than 90 ° when measured from the forming material. The lateral inclination is defined as the angle between the cutting face and the radial plane of the drill (X-Z plane). When viewed along the z axis, a negative side slope resulting from the cutter's counterclockwise rotation, and a positive side slope, from the clockwise rotation. In a particular embodiment, the delay of conventional cutters can vary between -5 to -45, and the lateral inclination from 0-30.
    [0037] However, the tapered cutting elements do not have a cutting face and therefore the orientation of the tapered cutting elements must be defined differently. When considering the tapered orientation of the cutting elements, in addition to the vertical or lateral orientation j of the cutting element body, the tapered geometry of the cutting edge also affects how the angle at which the tapered cutting element reaches the formation. Specifically, in addition to the fact that the delay affects aggressiveness and the interaction between formation and tapered cutting element, the geometry of the cutting edge (specifically, the vertex angle and the radius of curvature) greatly affects the aggressiveness that a tapered cutting element reaches formation. In the context of a tapered cutting element, as shown in Figure 12, the delay is defined as the angle formed between the axis of the tapered cutting element 144 (specifically, the axis of the tapered cutting edge) and a line that is normal for the training material being cut. As shown in Figure 13, with a tapered cutting element 144 having zero delay, the axis of the tapered cutting element 144 is substantially perpendicular or normal to the forming material. A tapered cutting member 144 having a negative delay angle α has an axis that surrounds the forming material at an angle that is less than 90 ° when measured from the forming material. Likewise, a tapered cutting member 144 having a positive delay angle α has an axis that surrounds the forming material at an angle that is greater than 90 ° when measured from the forming material. In a particular embodiment, the delay angle of the tapered cutting elements may be zero, or in another embodiment, it may be negative. In a particular mode, the delay of the tapered cutting elements can vary from -10 to 10, from zero to 10, in a particular mode, and from -5 to 5, in an alternative mode. In addition, the lateral inclination of the tapered cutting elements can vary from about -10 to 10 in various modalities.
    [0038] In addition to the axis orientation in relation to the formation, the aggressiveness of the tapered cutting elements can also be dependent on the angle of the vertex or, specifically, the angle between the formation and the main portion of the tapered cutting element. Due to the tapered shape of the tapered cutting elements, there is no leading edge; however, the main line of a tapered cutting surface can be determined to be the main points of the tapered cutting element at each axial cutting point along the surface of the tapered cutting edge as the drill rotates. In other words, a cross section can be made of a tapered cutting element along a plane in the direction of the drill rotation, as shown in Figure 14. The main line 145 of tapered cutting element 144 in such a plane can be considered in relation to training. The discharge angle of a tapered cutting element 144 is defined as the angle α formed between the main line 145 of the tapered cutting element 144 and the formation being cut. The discharge angle will vary depending on the delay and the cone angle, and therefore the discharge angle of the tapered cutting element can be calculated as the delay angle minus one half of the cone angle (for example, α = BR- (0.5 * cone angle)).
    [0039] Returning to Figure 7, it is also within the scope of the present description that cutters 142 and tapered cutting elements 144 can be installed at a different exposure height. Specifically, in a particular embodiment, at least one cutter 142 can be installed with an exposure height greater than at least one tapered cutting element 144, which by an even more specific embodiment can be a radially adjacent cutter 142. Alternatively, the cutting elements can be installed at the same height as the display or at least one tapered cutting element 144 can be installed with an exposure height greater than at least one cutter 142, which in the even more specific embodiment can be a radially adjacent cutter 142. The selection of the exposure height difference can be based, for example, on the type of formation to be drilled. For example, a conical cutting element 144, with a greater exposure height may be preferred when the formation is harder, whereas cutters 142 with a greater exposure height may be preferred when the formation is softer. In addition, the difference in exposure may be allowed for better drilling in transition between types of formation. If a cutter has a greater exposure height (by drilling through a softer formation), it can clog when a different type of formation is reached, and the cutter obstruction can allow the tapered cutting element to be coupled.
    [0040] In addition, the use of tapered cutting elements 144 with cutters 142 may allow cutters 142 to have a beveled cutting edge smaller than conventionally suitable for drilling (a chamfer large enough to minimize the likelihood of chipping). For example, cutters 142 can be sharpened (-0.001 inches (-0.00254 cm) in chamfer length) or can have a chamfer length of up to about 0.005 inches (0.0127 cm). However, it is also within the present description that larger chamfers (greater than 0.005 inches (0.0127 cm)) can be used.
    [0041] Although the modalities shown in Figures 9-11 show cutting elements extending substantially close to the center line of the drill bit (and / or blades that cross the center line), it is also within the scope of the present disclosure that a region of the center of the drill bit can be kept free of cutting structures (and blades). An example of a cutting element arrangement for such a drill is shown in Figure 20. Referring to Figure 20, cutters 142 and tapered cutting element 144 are located on blades 146 that do not cross the center line of the drill, but instead , form a cavity in this central portion 148 of the bit between the blades free of cutting elements. Alternatively, various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a central core cutting element, such as the type described in U.S. Patent No. 5,655,614, assigned to the present assignee and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Such a cutting element can have any cylindrical shape, similar to cutters 142, or a tapered cutting edge, similar to tapered cutting elements 144.
    [0042] Some modalities of the present disclosure may involve the mixed use of cutters and tapered cutting elements, where the cutters are spaced more distant from each other, and the tapered cutting elements are placed in intermediate positions between two radially adjacent cutters. The spacing between cutters 142 in the modalities (including those described above) can be considered as the spacing between the two adjacent cutters 142 | on the same blade, or two radially adjacent cutters 142, when all the cutting elements are rotated in a single view flat.
    [0043] For example, with reference to Figure 21, a drill bit 100 can include a plurality of blades 140 having a plurality of cutters 142 and a plurality of conical cutting elements 144 therein. As shown, cutters 142 and tapered cutting elements 144 are provided in an alternating pattern on each blade 140. With respect to the two cutters 142 adjacent to each other (with a tapered cutting element 144 between them in one position on the same blade, the two adjacent cutters can be spaced a distance D apart from each other, as shown in Figure 21. In one embodiment, D can be equal to or greater than a quarter of the diameter of cutter C , that is, 1 / 4C <D. In other embodiments, the lower limit of D can be any of 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.25C, 0.33C, 0.5C, 0.67C, 0.75C , C or 1.5C, and the upper limit of D can be any of 0.5C, 0.67C, 0.75C, C, 1.25C, 1.5C, 1.75C, or 2C, where any lower limit can be in combination with any upper limit. Tapered cutting elements 144 can be placed on a blade 140 in a radial intermediate position between the two cutters (on the same blade, or on two or more different blades in a main or tracking position with respect to the cutters) to protect the surface of the cutter. blade and / or to assist in the formation notch.
    [0044] The selection of spacing between adjacent cutters 142 can be based on the number of blades, for example, and / or the desired extent of overlap between radially adjacent cutters when all cutters are rotated to a rotated profile view. For example, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to have a complete bottom hole cover (without gaps in the cut profile formed from cutters 142) between all cutters 142 in drill 100, whereas in other embodiments, it may be desirable. it is desirable to have a gap 148 between at least some of the cutters 142 instead of at least partially completed by tapered cutting elements 144, as shown in Figure 22. In some embodiments, the width between the radially adjacent cutters 142 (when rotated in a single plane) can vary from 0.1 inch (0.254 cm) to the cutter diameter (ie, C). In other embodiments, the lower limit of the width between cutters 142 (when rotated in a single plane) can be any of 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.4C, 0.5C, 0.6C, or 0.8C , and the upper limit of the width between cutters 142 (when rotated in a single plane) can be any of 0.4C, 0.5C, 0.6C, 0.8C, or C, where any lower limit can be in combination with any upper limit.
    [0045] In other embodiments, the cutting edges 143 of radially adjacent cutters (in a rotated view) 142 can be at least tangent to each other, as shown in Figure 23, which shows another embodiment of the cut profile 146 of cutters 142 when rotated in a single plane view extending outwardly from a longitudinal axis L of the drill (not shown). Although not shown, the tapered cutting elements can be included between any two radially adjacent cutters 142 (in a round view), as discussed above. As illustrated in Figure 24, which shows another embodiment of the cut profile 146 of cutters 142 when rotated in a single flat extending view; outwardly from a longitudinal axis L of the drill bit (not shown), the cutting edges 143 of radially adjacent cutters (in a round view) 142 can overlap to an extent V. Although not shown, the tapered cutting elements can be included between any two radially adjacent cutters 142 (in a round view), as discussed above. Overlapping V can be defined as the distance along the cutting face of overlapping cutters 142 that is substantially parallel to the corresponding portion of the cutting profile 146. In one embodiment, the upper limit of overlapping V between two radially adjacent cutters (in a 142) can be equal to the cutter radius (or half the cutter diameter C), that is, V <C / 2. In other modalities, the upper limit of overlap V can be based on the radius (C / 2) and the number of blades present in the drill, specifically, the radius divided by the number of blades ie C / 2B, where B is the number of blades. Thus, for a two-blade drill, the upper limit of overlap V can be C / 4 and for a four-blade drill, the upper limit of overlap V can be C / 8. Thus, V can vary, in general, from 0 <V <C / 2, and in specific modalities, the lower limit of V can be any of C / 10B, C / 8B, C / 6B, C / 4B, C / 2B, or 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.3C, or 0.4C (for any number of slides), and the upper limit of V can be any of C / 8B, C / 6B, C / 4B , C / 2B, 0.2C, 0.3C, 0.4C, or 0.5C, where any lower limit can be used with any upper limit.
    [0046] In an example embodiment, the faces of the cutter blades may have an extension height greater than that of the tip of conical cutting elements (that is, "in profile" of primary cutting elements involved at a depth greater than the formation of reserve cut elements, and reserve cut elements are "out of profile"). In other embodiments, the tapered cutting elements may have a longer extension height than conventional cutters. As used here, the term "out of profile" can be used to refer to a structure extending from the cutter's support surface (for example, the cutting element, depth of cut limiter, etc.), which has an extension height less than the extension height of one or more other cutting elements that define the outermost cutting profile of a given blade. As used herein, the term "extension height" is used to describe the distance that a cutting face is understood from the support surface of the blade cutter to which it is attached. In some embodiments, a spare cutter may be in the same exposure as the primary cutter, but in other embodiments, the primary cutter may have a greater exposure or height extension above the reserve cutter. These extension heights can range, for example, from 0.005 inches (0.01127 cm) to C / 2 (the radius of a cutter). In other embodiments, the lower limit of the height of the extension can be any of 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.3C, or 0.4C and the upper limit of the height of the extension can be any of 0.2C, p , 3C, 0.4C, or 0.5C, where any lower limit can be used with any upper limit. Additional extension heights can be used in any of the above modes involving the use of both tapered cutting elements and cutters.
    [0047] It is also within the scope of the present description that any of the above modalities may use non-conical elements, but otherwise, non-planar notch cutting elements in place of the tapered cutting elements, i.e. cutting elements having a vertex that can notch the formation, such as chisel-shaped, dome-shaped, conical, or faceted, cutting elements, etc.
    [0048] In addition, various embodiments of the present description may also include a diamond-impregnated cutting medium. Such a diamond impregnation can be in the form of impregnation inside the blade or in the form of cutting elements formed from diamond impregnated materials. Specifically, in a particular embodiment, diamond-impregnated inserts, such as those described in US Patent No. 6,394,202 and American Patent Publication US NO. 2006/0081402, often referred to in the art as hot-pressed sandstone inserts (GHIs), can be mounted in sockets formed on a blade substantially perpendicular to the surface of the blade and fixed by welding, adhesive, mechanical means, such as interference adjustment , or the like, similar to the use of GHIs in diamond-impregnated drills, as discussed in US Patent No. 6,394,202, or inserts can be placed side by side within the blade. In addition, one skilled in the art will demonstrate that any combination of the cutting elements described above can be attached to any of the blades of the present disclosure. In a particular embodiment, at least one of the preformed diamond or GHIS-impregnated inserts can be placed in a reserve position (i.e., rear) for at least one tapered cutting element. In another particular embodiment, a pre-formed diamond impregnated insert can be placed in substantially the same radial position in a reserve or tracking position for each tapered cutting element. In a particular embodiment, a pre-formed diamond impregnated insert is placed in a reserve or tracking position for a tapered cutting element, at an exposure height lower than the tapered cutting element. In a particular embodiment, the diamond-impregnated insert is installed from about 0.030-0.100 inches (0.0762 - 0.254 cm) below the apex of the tapered cutting element. In addition, diamond-impregnated inserts can take a variety of shapes. For example, in various embodiments, the upper surface of the diamond-impregnated element may be planar, convex or conical to involve the formation. In a particular mode, or; a concave or conical top surface.
    [0049] Such embodiments containing diamond-impregnated inserts or blades, such impregnated materials may include superabrasive particles dispersed within a continuous matrix material, such as the materials described in detail below. In addition, such preformed inserts or blades can be formed from encapsulated particles, as described in US Patent Publication No. 2006/0081402 and in US Orders Nos. serial 11 / 779,083, 11 / 779,104, and 11 / 937,969. Superabrasive particles can be selected from synthetic diamond, natural diamond, recovered synthetic or natural diamond sandstone, cubic boron nitride (CBN), thermally stable polycrystalline diamond (TSP), silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, tool steel , boron carbide, or combinations. In various embodiments, certain portions of the blade can be impregnated with selected particles to result in a more abrasive main portion in relation to the tracking portion (or vice versa).
    [0050] The impregnated particles can be dispersed in a continuous matrix material formed from a matrix powder and binder material (binder powder and / or infiltrating binder alloy). The powdered matrix material can include a mixture of carbide compounds and / or a metal alloy using any technique known to those skilled in the art. For example, the powder material of the matrix may include at least one of the tungsten carbide macrocrystalline particles, the tungsten carbide carbonized particles, fused tungsten carbide particles, and sintered tungsten carbide particles. In other embodiments, vanadium, chromium, tjitanium, tantalum, niobium carbides, and other carbides of the transition metal group may be used, except tungsten. In still other modalities, carbides, oxides and nitrides of the groups of metals IVA, VA or VIA can be used. Typically, a binder phase can be formed from a powder component and / or an infiltration component. In some embodiments of the present invention, hard particles can be used in combination with a powdered binder, such as cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, copper, molybdenum and its alloys, and combinations thereof. In several other embodiments, an infiltration binder can include a Cu-Mn-Ni alloy, a Ni-Cr-Si-B-Al-C alloy, a Ni-Al alloy, and / or a Cu alloy -P. In other embodiments, the infiltration matrix material may include carbides in amounts ranging from 0 to 70% by weight, in addition to at least one binder in an amount ranging from 30 to 100% of its weight to facilitate bonding of the material matrix and impregnated materials. In addition, even in modalities where diamond impregnation is not provided (or is provided in the form of a pre-formed insert), these matrix materials can also be used to form the blade structures on which or on which cutting elements of this description are used.
    [0051] Referring now to Figures 15A-C, the variations of the tapered cutting elements that can be in any of the modalities described here are shown. The tapered cutting elements 128 (variations of which are shown in Figures 15A-15C) provided on a drill bit or reamer have a diamond layer 132 on a substrate 134 (such as a cemented tungsten carbide substrate), where the diamond layer 132 forms a conical diamond work surface. Specifically, the tapered geometry may comprise a side wall that tangentially joins the curvature of the vertex. Tapered cutting elements 128 can be formed in a process similar to that used in forming the improved diamond inserts (used in cone drill bits with rollers), or they can weld the components together. The interface (not shown separately) between diamond layer 132 and substrate 134 may be non-planar or non-uniform, for example, to assist in reducing the occurrence of delamination of diamond layer 132 from substrate 134 when in operation and to improve the strength and impact resistance of the element. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the interface may include one or more convex or concave parts, as known in the art of non-planar interfaces. In addition, a person skilled in the art would assess that the use of some non-planar interfaces may allow a greater thickness of the diamond layer in the region of the tip of the layer. In addition, it may be desirable to create the interface geometry in such a way that the diamond layer is thicker in a critical zone that covers the main contact zone between the diamond reinforcement element and the formation. Additional formats and interfaces that can be used for the diamond reinforcing elements of the present description include those described in US Patent Publication No. 2008/0035380, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In addition, the diamond layer 132 can be formed from any superabrasive polycrystalline material, including, for example, polycrystalline diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, | thermally stable polycrystalline diamond (formed or by treatment of polycrystalline diamond formed from a metal, such as cobalt or polycrystalline diamond formed from a metal having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than cobalt).
    [0052] As mentioned above, the apex of the tapered cutting element can have curvature, including a radius of curvature. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature can vary between about 0.050 to 0.125. In some embodiments, the curvature may comprise a variable radius of curvature, a portion of a parabola, a portion of a hyperbola, a portion of a catenary, or a parametric flexible ruler. In addition, referring to Figures 15A-B, the cone β angle of the conical end may vary, and be selected based on the particular formation to be drilled. In a particular embodiment, the cone angle β can vary from about 75 to 90 degrees.
    [0053] Referring now to Figure 15C, an asymmetric or oblique tapered cutting element is shown. As shown in Figure 15C, the tapered cutting end portion 135 of the tapered cutting element 128 has an axis that is not coaxial with the axis of the substrate 134. In a particular embodiment, at least one asymmetric tapered cutting element can be used on any of the drill bits or reamers described. The selection of an asymmetric tapered cutting element can be selected to better align a normal or reactive force on the cutting element of the formation with the cutting tip axis, or to change the aggressiveness of the tapered cutting element with respect to the formation. In a particular embodiment, the angle γ formed between the cutting edge or a cone axis and the substrate axis can vary from 37.5 to 45, with the angle on the tracking side being greater, by 5-20 degrees more than than the main angle. Referring to Figure 17, delay 165 of an asymmetric (i.e., oblique) tapered cutting element is based on the axis of the tapered cutting edge, which does not pass through the center of the base of the tapered cutting edge. The discharge angle 167, as described above, is based on the angle between the main part of the side wall of the tapered cutting element and the formation. As shown in Figure 17, the cutting end axis through the apex is directed outward from the direction of the drill rotation.
    [0054] Referring to Figures 16A-C, a portion of the tapered cutting element 144, adjacent to the apex 139 of the cutting end 135, can be chamfered or ground out of the cutting element to form a beveled surface 138 thereof. For example, the angle of inclination of the chamfer cut can be measured from the angle between the chamfered surface and a plane normal to the apex of the tapered cutting element. Depending on the desired aggressiveness, the cutting angle can vary from 15 to 30 degrees. As shown in Figures 16B and 16C, cutting angle angles of 17 degrees and 25 degrees are shown. In addition, the length of the chamfer can depend, for example, on the angle of inclination of the cut, as well as the angle of the vertex.
    [0055] In addition or as an alternative to a non-planar interface, between the diamond layer 132 and the carbide substrate 134 in tapered cutting elements 144, a particular embodiment of the tapered cutting elements may include an interface that is not normal to the axis of the substrate body, as shown in Figure 19, to result in an asymmetric diamond layer. Specifically, in such an embodiment, the volume of diamond in one half of the tapered cutting element is greater than that of the other half of the tapered cutting element. The selection of the interface angle in relation to the base can be selected, for example, based on the particular delay, discharge angle, vertex angle, the axis for the conical cutting edge, and to minimize the amount of shear forces on the diamond carbide interface and instead place the interface at a higher compressive stress than shear stress.
    [0056] As described throughout the present description, cutting elements and cutting structure combinations can be used in any fixed-cut drill bit or bore-opening device. Figure 25 shows a general configuration of a bore-opening device 830 that includes one or more cutting elements of the present disclosure. The hole opening device 830 comprises a tool body 832 and a plurality of blades 838 arranged in selected azimuth positions over a circumference thereof. The hole opening device 830 generally comprises connections 834, 836 (for example, threaded connections) so that the hole opening device 830 can be coupled to adjacent drilling tools that comprise, for example, a drill string and / or the bottom hole assembly (BHA) (not shown). The body of the tool 832 generally includes a hole through it, so that drilling fluid can flow through the hole opening device 830 as it is pumped from the surface (for example, from pumps of mud on the surface (not shown)) to a bottom of the well hole (not shown). The tool body 832 can be formed from steel or other materials known in the art. For example, tool body 832 can also be formed from a matrix material infiltrated with a binder alloy.
    [0057] The blades 838 shown in Figure 25 are spiral blades and are generally positioned at substantially equal angular intervals around the perimeter of the tool body, like that hole opening device 830. This arrangement is not a limitation on the scope of the invention, but is used for illustrative purposes only. Those having ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that any state-of-the-art rock bottom cutting tool can be used. While Figure 25 does not detail the location of the tapered cutting elements, their arrangement in the tool can be according to all the variations described above.
    [0058] In addition, in addition to applications in well tools, such as a bore-opening device, reamer, stabilizer, etc., a drill bit using cutting elements according to the various modalities of the invention, as described herein, can have improved performance when drilling at high rotational speeds compared to prior art drill bits. These high speeds of rotation are typical when the drill bit is already turned by a turbine, hydraulic motor, or used in high speed applications.
    [0059] In addition, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that there is no limitation on the sizes of the cutting elements of the present description. For example, in various embodiments, the cutting elements can be formed in sizes, including, but not limited to, 9 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm and 19 mm. The selection of cutting element sizes can be based, for example, on the type of formation to be drilled. For example, in softer formations, it may be desirable to use a larger cutting element, whereas in harder formation it may be desirable to use a smaller cutting element.
    [0060] Furthermore, it is also within the scope of the present description that cutters 142 in any of the embodiments described above can be rotary cutting elements, such as those disclosed in US Patent No. 7,703,559, US Patent Publication No. 2010 / 0219001, and US Patent Application No. 61 / 351,035, all of which are assigned to the present assignee and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
    [0061] In addition, although many of the modalities described above describe cutters and the tapered cutting elements being located in different radial positions from each other, it is intended that a tapered cutting element can be spaced equidistant between the radially adjacent cutters (or vice versa) with respect to a cutter spacing between the tapered cutting elements), but it is also provided that non-equidistant spacing can also be used. Furthermore, it is also within the scope of the present description that a tapered cutting element and a cutter can be located in the same radial position, for example, on the same blade, so that one drags the other.
    [0062] The modalities of the present description can include one or more of the following advantages. The embodiments of the present description can provide for fixed cutter drill bits or other fixed cutter cutting tools capable of effectively drilling in economical ROPs and in formations having a greater hardness than can be employed in conventional PDC drills. More specifically, the present modalities can drill in soft, medium, medium hardness, and even in some hard formations, maintaining an aggressive cutting element profile in order to maintain acceptable ROPs for acceptable periods of time and, consequently, drilling costs minors currently experienced in the industry. The combination of the shear cutters with the tapered cutting elements can drill by creating channels (with the tapered cutting elements) to weaken the rock and then excavate by the subsequent action of the shear cutter. In addition, other modalities can also provide greater durability through transition from the abrasion cutting mechanism (by including diamond impregnation). In addition, the various geometries and arrangements of the tapered cutting elements can provide to optimize the use of the tapered cutting elements during use, especially to reduce or minimize the harmful loads and stresses on the cutting elements during drilling.
    [0063] Although the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of modalities, those skilled in the art, taking advantage of this description, will demonstrate that other modalities can be designed that do not deviate from the scope of the invention, as disclosed herein. Consequently, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (24)
    [0001]
    Drill bit to drill a well hole in onshore formations, FEATURED by the fact that it comprises: a bit body having a bit axis and a bit face; a plurality of blades extending radially along the face of the drill, the plurality of blades including a cone region, a nozzle region and a shoulder region; and a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: a plurality of cutters comprising a substrate and a diamond table having a substantially planar cut face; and a plurality of tapered cutting elements comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a tapered cutting edge; wherein in a round view of the plurality of cutting elements in a single plane, the at least one cutter is located in a radial position from the drill axis that is intermediate the radial positions of the at least two tapered cutting elements, and in which the tapered cutting elements in the cone region have an exposure, in relation to each radially adjacent cutter, which is different from the exposure of the tapered cutting elements in the boss region in relation to each radially adjacent cutter.
    [0002]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one cutter is arranged on a tracking blade in relation to a first blade, on which the at least two tapered cutting elements are arranged.
    [0003]
    Drill bit according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least two tapered cutting elements are on two separate blades.
    [0004]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least two tapered cutting elements are on the same blade.
    [0005]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least two tapered cutting elements are arranged in a nozzle region and a shoulder region of a cutting profile.
    [0006]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least two tapered cutting elements have a delay ranging from -10 to 10.
    [0007]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least two tapered cutting elements have a delay angle ranging from zero to 10.
    [0008]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one tapered cutting element is installed at an exposure height greater than a radially adjacent cutter.
    [0009]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one tapered cutting element is installed at an exposure height less than a radially adjacent cutter.
    [0010]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in which at least one tapered cutting element is installed at the same exposure height as a radially adjacent cutter.
    [0011]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the drill bit blades do not cross a center line of the drill bit.
    [0012]
    Drill bit according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises a central core cutting element arranged in a region between at least two blades.
    [0013]
    Drill bit according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the central core cutting element comprises a cutter.
    [0014]
    Drill bit according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the central core cutting element comprises a tapered cutting element.
    [0015]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least a portion of at least one blade comprises a plurality of superabrasive particles dispersed in a continuous matrix material.
    [0016]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the plurality of cutting elements further comprises at least one diamond-impregnated insert inserted in a hole in at least one blade.
    [0017]
    Drill bit according to claim 16, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one diamond-impregnated insert is placed in the same radial position and dragging at least one tapered cutting element.
    [0018]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one of the at least two tapered cutting elements comprises a tapered cutting end axis that is not coaxial with a substrate axis.
    [0019]
    Drill bit according to claim 18, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the angle formed between the axis of the tapered cutting edge and the axis of the substrate varies from 37.5 to 45.
    [0020]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one of the at least two tapered cutting elements comprises a chamfered surface adjacent to the apex of the cutting end.
    [0021]
    Drill bit according to claim 20, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the angle of inclination to cut the chamfered surfaces varies from 15 to 30 degrees.
    [0022]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the at least one cutter has a chamfer ranging from about 0.00254 cm (0.001 inches) to 0.0127 cm (0.005 inches).
    [0023]
    Drill bit according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one of the at least two tapered cutting elements comprises an asymmetric diamond layer.
    [0024]
    Downhole cutting tool, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a tool body; a plurality of blades extending azimuthally from the tool body, the plurality of blades including a cone region, a nozzle region and a shoulder region; and a plurality of cutting elements arranged in the plurality of blades, the plurality of cutting elements comprising: a plurality of cutters comprising a substrate and a diamond table having a substantially planar cut face; and a plurality of a tapered cutting element comprising a substrate and a diamond layer having a non-planar cutting edge; in which in a round view of the plurality of cutting elements in a single plane, the at least one conical cutting element is located in a radial position a from the axis of the drill which is intermediate the radial positions of the at least two adjacent cutters, and in which the at least one reserve tapered cutting element is on the same blade and drags one of the at least two cutters, and the cutting elements tapered in the nozzle region have an exposure, in relation to each radially adjacent cutter, which is different from the exposure of the tapered cutting elements in the shoulder region in relation to each radially adjacent cutter.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US9366090B2|2016-06-14|
    US20140367178A1|2014-12-18|
    BR112013020374A2|2016-10-25|
    CN103842607A|2014-06-04|
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    US20130220706A1|2013-08-29|
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    CA2923870A1|2012-08-16|
    GB2503145B|2019-05-15|
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    GB2505086B|2019-10-09|
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    CA2923870C|2019-03-26|
    GB2503145A|2013-12-18|
    EA201391153A1|2014-02-28|
    US20120205163A1|2012-08-16|
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    US20120234610A1|2012-09-20|
    BR112013020530A2|2019-09-24|
    GB2505086A|2014-02-19|
    US10851594B2|2020-12-01|
    CA2826939A1|2012-08-16|
    CA2826939C|2019-01-08|
    CA2827116C|2016-06-14|
    GB201315900D0|2013-10-23|
    CN103827435B|2016-08-10|
    WO2012109518A1|2012-08-16|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-10-22| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-06-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-08-25| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/02/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201161441319P| true| 2011-02-10|2011-02-10|
    US61/441,319|2011-02-10|
    US201161499851P| true| 2011-06-22|2011-06-22|
    US61/499,851|2011-06-22|
    PCT/US2012/024606|WO2012109517A1|2011-02-10|2012-02-10|Kerfing hybrid drill bit and other downhole cutting tools|
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